PRODUKSI PENGETAHUAN INDIGENOUS PSYCHOTHERAPY ORANG DENGAN GANGGUAN JIWA DI PESANTREN

Kholil, Lur Rochman (2023) PRODUKSI PENGETAHUAN INDIGENOUS PSYCHOTHERAPY ORANG DENGAN GANGGUAN JIWA DI PESANTREN. Doctoral thesis, UIN Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto.

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Abstract

Kholil Lur Rochman, NIM 201771020, Knowledge Production of Indigenous Psychotherapy for People with Mental Disorders in Islamic Boarding Schools, Postgraduate Islamic Studies Doctoral Study Program, UIN Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto, Year 2023 The number of people with mental disorders (ODGJ) in Indonesia always increases significantly every year. The 2018 Indonesian Ministry of Health Basic Health Research Report stated that 19 million Indonesians have mental disorders and 12 million of them are in severe depression. This data is compounded by the presence of Covid-19, where in a year there are more than 23 thousand experiencing depression and a number of 1,193 have attempted suicide. The latest data released by the Research and Development Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2021 shows that 8.5% of Indonesia's population has mental disorders. With that many ODGJ, in 2019 Indonesia only has 34 mental hospitals managed by the government and 9 asylums managed by the private sector. With the lack of health facilities for ODGJ, based on data from the 2019 Ministry of Health, 62% of ODGJ did not get proper services. They experience neglect, shackles and dehumanization and are considered a disgrace by their own families. It is in this context that the role of pesantren is to take part of the government's role in providing therapy for ODGJ with local methods and stages, which are sometimes also strange and extreme but healing. This pesantren therapy is known as an alternative therapy based on spiritual and culture which is given the impression of being unscientific. The focus of this research is an effort to reveal various models of ODGJ therapy in 3 Islamic boarding schools in Central Java, namely the Nurul Ichsan Islamic Boarding School in Purbalingga which is known for godog therapy, the Hidayatul Mubtadiin Islamic Boarding School in Kebumen with ubub-herbal therapy and the Alif Ba Islamic Boarding School in Banjarnegara with manakib-medical therapy, to then see how the process of obtaining therapeutic knowledge in each of these pesantren is then seen in the perspective of Western, Islamic and Javanese epistemology. This research uses mainstream and non-mainstream Western epistemology, Islamic and Javanese epistemology, for Indigenous Psychotherapy theory using Kim and Berry, javanology, abnormal psychology, Javanese psychology. The research method used is ethnography and new ethnography. Ethnography is used to collect and present live-in data, while new ethnography is used as a tool for analyzing livein data with a theory built on ethical-emic principles. The research results show that there are three models of ODGJ therapy in these three Islamic boarding schools, namely. First, purely spiritual and does not accommodate medical therapy that is practiced at the Hidayatul Mubtadiin Islamic Boarding School. Second: spiritual healing with minimal medical support as practiced at the Nurul Ikhsan Islamic Boarding School. Third,spiritual therapy combined with medical with collaborative concepts as practiced at the Alif Ba Islamic Boarding School. From the epistemological aspect, these three models are more dominated by the acquisition of knowledge from the intuitive path - Irfani-Laduni-ilham-krenteke ati and to a lesser extent using Empiricism-Burhani-Bayani-Tajribi. For the Indigenous aspect, it is carried out through locality-based therapy and medical role deconstruction.

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