TOLERANSI UMAT KONGHUCU DALAM PERAYAAN CAP GO MEH DI KELENTENG HOK TEK BIO PURWOKERTO

Isti, Komariah (2022) TOLERANSI UMAT KONGHUCU DALAM PERAYAAN CAP GO MEH DI KELENTENG HOK TEK BIO PURWOKERTO. Skripsi thesis, UIN Prof. K. H. Saifuddin Zuhri.

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Abstract

Perayaan cap go meh merupakan perayaan puncak dari Imlek yang terjadi pada hari ke-15 tahun baru Cina. Di Indonesia sendiri cap go meh merupakan sebuah tradisi yang ada sejak zaman nenek moyang yang terbentuk berdasarkan tatanan kebudayaan masyarakat Tionghoa. Ada beberapa daerah yang mengalami kecaman saat perayaan cap go meh dilakukan, dimana orang yang bukan dari agama Konghucu dilarang menyaksikan dengan dalih merusak akidah seperti yang terjadi di Bogor dan Singkawang beberapa tahun lalu. Berbeda dengan perayaan cap go meh di Bogor dan Singkawang, perayaan cap go meh di Purwokerto justru terdapat nilai-nilai toleransi di dalamnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (Field Research) dimana peneliti datang langsung ke lapangan untuk menggali data dan informasi. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah pendekatan sosiologis dengan menggunakan teori interaksionisme simbolik yang dirumuskan oleh Herbert Blumer untuk menganalisis datanya. Interaksionisme simbolik bertumpu pada tiga premis yakni Manusia bertindak terhadap suatu berdasarkan pada makna-makna yang ada pada sesuatu bagi mereka, makna tersebut berasal dari interaksi sosial, makna-makna tersebut disempurnakan di saat proses interaksi sosial berlangsung. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa toleransi antar umat beragama dalam perayaan cap go meh di Klenteng Hok tek bio Purwokerto meliputi tiga aspek yakni: pertama, pemaknaan mengenai toleransi. Umat Konghucu dan Pengurus Klenteng Hok tek bio Purwokerto memaknai toleransi sebagai sikap saling menghargai dan tidak bersikap eksklusif dengan orang lain yang berbeda keyakinan, semua manusia merupakan saudara yang tidak memandang ras suku dan agama, serta umat Konghucu menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai toleransi dalam kehidupan. Kedua dasar pemaknaan mengenai toleransi antar umat beragama di dalam umat Konghucu yakni sangat berpengaruh pada sabda Nabi Kongzi, ada beberapa ayat serta filosofi yang menjadi dasar atas pemaknaan tersebut. Diantaranya yakni pada ayat Lun yu XII:5, lun gi XV:40 serta filosofi pada lambang genta serta yin yang. Ketiga, tindakan toleransi antar umat beragama pada perayaan cap go meh di Klenteng di Klenteng Hok tek bio Purwokerto. Toleransi yang terjadi di perayaan cap go meh di Klenteng Hok tek bio Purwokerto merupakan toleransi aktif, hal ini terlihat pada kepanitiaan di perayaan ini yang melibatkan umat agama lain sebagai panitianya. Sikap toleransi juga terlihat saat proses makan bersama di mana umat agama lain berbaur dengan umat agama Konghucu untuk saling mengobrol sambil menyantap hidangan. Sikap yang ditujukan oleh umat Konghucu di Klenteng Hok tek bio Purwokerto merupakan cerminan dari ajaran Nabi Kongzi yang ada di dalam kitab mereka. Kata Kunci: Toleransi, Konghucu, Cap go meh The Cap Go Meh Ceremony is a Chinese New Year's zenith ceremony that takes place on the 15th day of the Chinese New Year. In Indonesia, the stamp go meh is a tradition that has existed since the time of the ancestors which was formed according to the cultural order of the Chinese people. There were several areas that experienced criticism when the Cap Go Meh ceremony was held, where people who were not from the Confucian faith were stopped from watching under the pretext of destroying the faith, as happened in Bogor and Singkawang a few years later. Unlike the Cap Go Meh celebrations in Bogor and Singkawang, the Cap Go Meh celebrations in Purwokerto actually have values of tolerance in them. This research means field research (Field Research) where researchers come directly to the field to dig up data and news. in this study using descriptive qualitative methods. The approach used in this research is a sociological approach using the theory of symbolic interactionism formulated by Herbert Blumer to analyze the data. Symbolic interactionism is based on 3 premises, namely, humans act towards something based on the meanings that exist in something for them, the meaning comes from social relations, and these meanings are perfected during the process of social interaction. The results of this study indicate that inter-religious tolerance in the celebration of cap go meh at the Hok tek bio Temple in Purwokerto includes three aspects, namely: first, the meaning of tolerance. Confucians and the management of the Hok tek bio Temple in Purwokerto interpret tolerance as an attitude of mutual respect and not being exclusive. Using other people who have different beliefs, all humans are brothers who don't see race, ethnicity and religion, and Confucians uphold the values of tolerance in life. The second basis for the meaning of tolerance between religious communities in the Confucians is that it is very influential in the words of the Prophet Kongzi, there are several verses and philosophies that form the basis of this meaning. Among other things, namely in the verse Lun yu XII: five, Lu gi XV: 40 and the philosophy in the symbol of the bell and yin yang. Third, the act of tolerance between religious communities was held at the Cap Go Meh Ceremony at the Hok Tek Bio Temple in Purwokerto. The tolerance that occurred at the Cap Go Meh ceremony at the Hok Tek Bio Temple in Purwokerto means active tolerance, this can be seen in the committee at this celebration which involves other believers as the committee. The attitude of tolerance is also seen during the eating process and where people of other religions mingle with Confucian believers to chat with each other while eating a meal. The behavior directed by the Confucians at the Hok tek Bio Temple in Purwokerto is a reflection of the teachings of the Prophet Kongzi in their book. Key terms: Tolerance, Confucianism, Cap go meh

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